The range of radiated photon energy pulses is considerable. The photons that we all see and call light is the tiny coloured bit on the below spectrum. But to scientists the whole of the spectrum is light and the bit we see is visible light. Compared to visible light photons low energy gamma ray photon energy pulses have about 20,000 times their energy content and are released at about 20,000 times their pulse frequencies. At the other end of the spectrum a typical radio wave energy pulse has an energy and frequency about one millionth that of visible light.
Science sees radiated photons as the carriers of force and as the particles of the electromagnetic force field. But are they the perpetrators of change? Did they evolve the living abilities of structures like us? Are they what cause atomic particle rearrangements in chemical and states of matter changes? Do they explain all electrical and electronic behaviours and why don’t they explain the gravity action?
Photons are not force carriers, there is no electromagnetic force field; they are not the perpetrators of change. It is atomic particle energies that decide what action they take in response to the photons coming their way. There are no forces at a distance; all actions are decided locally by particles.
The vibrations of particles are them proactively getting and controlling their photon energy needs and discarding and resisting what they don’t want. They are more frequent when higher energies are being processed. In this living scenario, electron, proton and neutron particles all have different roles to play, cooperating in and holding onto structures that better serve their energy desires. This proactivity includes electron and proton energies being created or disposed of to suit the energy desires of unstable nucleon arrangements in what we call radioactivity.
The tinier more mobile electrons find locations where they can gather photon energy and deliver it to protons and thereby satisfy nucleon particle energy needs. Protons control the energy flows from electrons by continuously desiring and repulsing them and in so doing exercising control over electron location and rate of vibration. The proton response to an approaching electron is a rising and then reducing energy pulse whose energy is sufficient to overcome that coming from the electron and whose rapidity of response is related to the rate of approach of the electron and thereby to its received energy.
Continuous vibrations deliver a stream of photon energy pulses into space which move away at some 299,792,458 metres/sec. So, for a structure continuously emitting red light there are about 36,000 photon energy pulses in each inch of the photon output stream and after just one second that one inch of photons, if uninterrupted is about 300,000 kilometres away in space.
Light speed is simply the speed at which particles want to accept, process and release photons. Photons released at light speed by relatively moving structures are either red shifted (photon pulses expanded) or blue shifted (photon pulses compressed) to suit the needs of the receiving structure particles
But visible light is not the only radiation we are aware of. Our bodies are aware of temperature which we might see as determining energy flow yet it is simply a measure of that flow. Particle desires for energy and their rejections of it determine energy flows. Getting ready for bed on a cold night your particles are releasing energy to the room and getting little in return and you feel cold. But then when in bed, the sheets and blankets are re- radiating some of the energy they are getting from you and you feel warm
The two emissions at 4. and 5 are equal and constitute an emitted photon of energy. The difference is that in 4. the electron motion is toward the proton and in 5. away from the proton and therefore the magnetic photons associated with the electron motion and its spin are reversed.
Of course not all incoming photon energies are continuous and some are high enough to “bounce” an electron, as described above, to a location further away from the nucleus than that which they previously occupied. This leaves its former location as one that is much desired by a proton serving electron, perhaps even the electron that has just “bounced” past it. Even higher energies can “bounce” an electron out of an atom where they are then influenced by the proton desires in other atoms.
You can see how such energy pulses can deliver to the particles of structures both wave like and particle like effects. Responses to the very weak energy pulses of the longer wavelengths are understandably slower and more wave like whereas responses to very short high energy wavelengths are extremely rapid, giving the impression they have been hit by that pulse but in reality it is particles that have taken proactive evasive action.
Many think the light speed of photons is the same everywhere, after all it is always the same when we measure it. But when we measure it we use the very particles of structures that exercise control over those photons. Surely it is the case that they want to process photons at light speed and that means absorbing them and emitting them at light speed. If you have ever wondered why photon energies from space bodies that are moving rapidly away from or toward us are red shifted or blue shifted consider the following.
Photons leaving a structure moving rapidly away from us do so at light speed relative to that structure. On joining our solar system and heading earthward they encounter photon energies also moving earthward but at light speed relative to the solar system and faster than theirs.
It is as if you have been walking slowly along a rural lane and now join a city pavement where the pace is faster. What do you do? You use energy to speed up. That is precisely what the photons from outer space do, particularly as energy interactions with the earth based photons will be more courteous than most of the general public. We see them as red shifted because they have used some of their “on board” energies to interact with and speed up so as to be in tune with earth photon energies. Photon energies value their independence but they are supportive of one another in flows.
The photon emission patterns coming from fast receding or fast approaching outer space bodies that are like those coming from earthly elemental structures but energy shifted tell us they are coming from the same elemental structures on that space body. The shift in energy tells us what relative speed away fro us or toward us the body has.
Much scientific argument is about whether radiation energies are particles or waves. The particle argument has photons as frequency related packets of energy but there are no packets. The wave theory of light originated with the idea of an aether that filled space. It was the media through which light propagated like the expanding ripple on a pond that propagates in its water media when a stone is thrown into it. But there is no aether. Photon radiations are responsible for all energy interactions.
Visible light photons of energy are what pass across space from an object to the retina particles of our eyes enabling our brains to create the image we see. The ripple we observe in water, and indeed all observed motions, are caused by photons acting on particle structures. Our senses of sound, smell, touch and taste are likewise brain interpretations of photon energy signals transmitted to it from our body sensory particles that are responding to the photons they receive. But what are photons of energy; are they particles or waves?
I can only imagine them as being, like the vibrating particles that emit them, a composition of energy fragments. But are these photon energy fragments spread out across a full wavelength rising to a peak when vibrating particles are nearest and falling to a trough when the vibrating particles are furthest apart or are they compacted into particle like photon energy pulses that send them to and fro? Do engaging particles exchange energies continuously or do they exchange them as discrete (set value) energy packets?
If we regard engaging particles as being composed of fragments of living energy, that want to control their engagements, there is every reason to suspect that they make the decision to release photon energy pulses. It means they choose the timing and the level of photon energy releases so as to secure their withdrawal from the engagement and supports Max Planck’s E = hf and the idea of energy quanta.
Photon energy emissions flow at light speed away from their source. We should not think of them as having purely linear motions because as we saw, when dealing with electricity and magnetism, particles have spin and generate spin energies around them. Consequently engaging particles will generate photon energy emissions with some element of spin.
Polarised light : Particles that have vibrating motions relative to one another and in a specific direction send out light speed photon energy pulses that are polarised in that plane. In a radio mast antenna, for example, its directional to and fro high frequency currents determine the alignment of the emitted photon pulses. They are usually horizontal or vertical and we align our receiving aerials so that the electron flows in it can best respond to those polarised photons.
What we term non polarised light comes from random particle motions. It is really photon energy pulses polarised in a multiplicity of directions. A polarising filter, as in sun glasses acts like your receiving aerial. Its material structure is usually doped with a crystalline structure whose electron vibrations are very much directional. In the polarising filters of sun glasses electron side to side vibrations dominate.
Photons that are highly influenced by other close by photons in their passage through space, suddenly become highly influenced by particles when they encounter a particle structure. The directional electrons in our illustration particularly attract and react to horizontal photon energies, influencing them and dispatching them elsewhere whilst the vertical photon energies are transmitted through the polariser in the normal manner. The light reflected from the surface of a lake has a high intensity of horizontally polarised light we call glare. Sun glasses seriously diminish that glare
Coherence: Atomic particles exchange tiny portions of their energies as photons. It is how they link up with one another and is what establishes and maintains them in the relative positions that constitute structures. Likewise, photon energies are not fixed. They too exchange tiny portions of their energies. They support one another in photon flows via tiny energy exchanges yet maintain independence.
Coherence is both the attraction that draws photons together in supportive flows but also the repulsion that holds them apart. It can be spatial or temporal. Spatial coherence is where like frequency photon pulses travel side by side with an almost unchanging distance separating them whereas temporal coherence is where photons follow at an almost unchanging time related distance.
I can only imagine phenomenal numbers of emitted photons at a distant tiny atomic location exchanging energies so as to establish their cohered positions relative to one another. Bundles, comprising high numbers of cohered photons (both spatial and temporal) form the energy pulses we call a wavefront. As the wavefront radiates outward into space the photons adjust their positions relative to one another and the bundles start to break up into smaller bundles. It is how light becomes less intense so that we no longer see detail but instead see blocks of colour.
We can’t see particles, even with our most powerful microscopes, and the atoms they create appear only as fuzzy shapes. Bring any structure up close to an observed structure and its particle positions are changed because particles react to photons and photons react to particles. All microscopes interfere with the structure.
Photon energies interact with other photon energies, as we have seen with coherence but their interactions with particle energies are considerably greater. In my blog on visible light we will see how these two competing desires and interactions are responsible for diffraction and refraction.